Dear Sakthi Sree GKC became an active capital from the 17th year of RJC. But his 17th and 18th year inscriptions were not readable. His inscription on 242th day of 19th year is on the south wall( 1st and 2nd tiers,) in the central shrine of Rajarajeswaram Big Temple, Thanjavur clearly states he ordered from his new capital GKC for 2000 kalams of paddy to be supplied to the priest of the temple. I will look for other references if any.
If GKC's abbreivation is Gangai konda cholapuram means, then it is near by Kumbakonam and called as Jeyamgondan. Also there is a palace like Raja rajeswarar temple. And it may be Cholla's capital when Rajendara Cholan's period.
As I have asked about the date of GKC... I had a confusion by the notification of Alberuni, who is praised by the scholars as one of the great scholars of Medieval india, who eventually succeeded in Finding the Radius of the Earth.
His Arabic notifications has been translated by Mr. sacchu… He hastitled the book as “ ALBERUNI’S INDIA in 1030 A.D. ". It’s a two volumed content, in the first volume, a section has been alloted by Alberuni to mention the country profile.
In the book the translator has notified the Names of the places, as mentioned in the original document by alberuni…
The following details are the notification ofAlberuni about the coastal regions and the internal regions also…
East Coast:
Other tracts of country extend from the Tree of Prayaga southward towards the coast. Arku-tirtha, 12 farsakh from Prayaga; the realm uwaryahar, 40 farsakh ; Urdabishau on the coast, 50 farsakh.
Thence along the coast towards the east there are countries which are now under the sway of JAUR ; first Daraur, 40 farsakh from Urdabishau ; Kanji, 30 farsakh, ; Malaya, 40 farsakh ; Kunk, 3o farsakh, which is the last of Jaur's possessions in this direction.
The scholars who deals with these details says that “ JAUR ” notifies CHOLA... ( I think, Alberuni already done the thing, that’s what the british scholars wrote,CORA instead of COLA )
Thence the coast-line comes to the country Laran, in which lies the city of Jimur, then to Vallabha, Kanji, Darvad.
Next follows a great bay in which Singaldib lies, i.e. the island Sarandib (Ceylon).
Around the bay lies the city of Panjayavar (sic). When this city had fallen into ruins, the king, Jaur, built instead of it, on the coast towards the west, a new city which he called PADNAR.
The next place on the coast is ummalnara, then Ramsher (Rameshar ?) opposite Sarandib ; the distance of the sea between them is 12 farsakh. The distance from Panjayavar to ramsher is 40 farsakh.
I have a question to the members that is
" whats are thelocalnames ofthe capitals mentioned by ALBERUNI. "
Gangai that mentioned here may not be the Varanasi to my knowledge.
The Gangamma river in Karnataka near Gokarna find a place in records of history. This I think I already shared with you. There is a Village This Gokarna finds a place in the book of Claudius Ptolemaeus, (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy) and Periplus (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periplus_of_the_Erythraean_Sea) who belongs to first century A.D. visited these coastal area and mentions about the ports through which cloths were exported.These two ports are mentioned in Mahaaniddesa (A Buddist Book) in B.C.250.
Periplus mentions about a port Angidii which may be Angadi which lies 7 kms from present Gokarna. This place was called Malai Nadu as the coastal areas were protected by mountains and Claudius Ptolemaeus quotes that they can enter the coast with guide.
This area was ruled by Mauriya Emperor in B.C.3rd BCE.
In the Sathavahana Empire (B.C. 235 to A.D.90-150, the empire did trade from Sea to Sea and were documented by Pliny, Strabo and Periplus. The notices are supported by various inscriptions. The port of Calliena (may be the place where river Gangamma meets the Sea) figures in several Buddists Cave inscriptions (H.B.Sarkar, Trade and Commercial Activities of Southern India in the Malaya- Indonesian world up to A.D.1511., Vol I., Firma KLM Pvt ltd., Calcutta 1986)
After Sathavahana, this place was ruled by Gangas The Western Ganga Dynasty (350–1000 CE)
Abu Abd Allah Muhammad al-Idrisi al-Qurtubi al-Hasani al-Sabti or simply Al Idrisi, who visited this area in 1099–1165 or 1166., mentions about many ports in this area. (At the order of the King, al-Idrisi produced a silver celestial sphere and an enormous map of the world in disk form cast on a silver base. As a commentary to it, he wrote his large geography of the world. It was completed in January 1154 and became known as the Book of Roger in recognition of the King's important role in sponsoring it.)
He mentions about a Port located near West bank of Ganges which is none other than Present Gangamma river near Gokarna.(H.B.Sarkar, Trade and Commercial Activities of Southern India in the Malaya- Indonesian world up to A.D.1511., Vol I., Firma KLM Pvt ltd., Calcutta 1986 page no 204.) After Western Ganga Dynasty The rule of the Chalukyas marks an important milestone in the history of South India and a golden age in the history ofKarnataka. The political atmosphere in South India shifted from smaller kingdoms to large empires with the ascendancy of Badami Chalukyas. For the first time, a South Indian kingdom took control and consolidated the entire region between the Kaveri and the Narmada rivers. The rise of this empire saw the birth of efficient administration, overseas trade and commerce and the development of new style of architecture called "Chalukyan architecture" and Kannada Litreture, which had enjoyed royal support in the 9th century Rashtrakuta court found eager patronage from the Western Chalukyas in theJain and Vashnava traditions. The 11th century saw the birth of Telugu Literature under the patronage of the Eastern Chalukyas.
In A.D.1000 Raja raja I gained foot in this area. After seven years Hoysala gained entry in this area, in North Karnataka and South Karnataka was ruled by Yadavas. After this in A.D.1294 Mohamadian force entered in this area with Allaudin as chief and Bhamini Kingdom was established in 1347. Malikaffur entered this place and looted many temples and traders.and next 135 years there were struggles between Vijaya Nagara and Bhamini Emperors.In A.D. 1490, Vijaya nagara Minister Narasinga entered. Then Krishna raya from 1509-1529.
The Bahamani kingdom in India extended from the northern Deccan region to the river Krishna. This empire was founded by Hasan Gangu who waged a battle against Muhammad bin Tughlaq and freed the Bahamani kingdom. He ruled under the title of Bahman Shah and was declared the founder of the Bahamani dynasty. This kingdom was in constant war with the Vijayanagar kingdom which was located to the south of the Bahamani kingdom. The Bahamani kingdom was founded around the year 1346.
Thanks ramachandran sir, for such detailed informations.
After I read, the notifications of alberuni, in the search of local names I have tried to transliterate and translate those names in google.
It gives me,
Panjayavar as bangayavar
Padnar as tanjunr
As it's phonetic sound bangayavar as the name may be the Palayarai. I remember that its also served as one of the capitals of the cholas.
Tanjunr, which directly sounds the tanjore, which was the capital before GKC.
As the notifications of alberuni belongs to the year 1030. It could be considerable as the GKC was not READY in the same year.
That's why I ask about the date of GKC.
Sir, As you mentioned about my note about Varanasi as the Ganges mentioned in Rjc's meikeerthi, I have to clarify the same.
If any king claims the hold of Ganges, it must be done as the whole Ganges must be conquered.
As it has been mentioned in matsya purana, the Sindh River in Pakistan, Ganges river in India and the river jamna In Bangladesh which is also called as Brahmaputra.
In another term, the western ganges in uttrapatha, central Ganges in madhya desa and the eastern ganges in Purva desa.
Please plan a visit to Gokarna, Angidi where there are Jaina temple od AD 700 similor to the hall of Peruvudaiyar koil.
Rajaraja I might have made the hall like this after visiting these temples.
Please pay a visit By the by there is caste called Angidi Chettair. These traders might have accompanied Rajaraja I for trading at the place wherever he gone.
Thanks ramachandran sir, for such detailed informations.
After I read, the notifications of alberuni, in the search of local names I have tried to transliterate and translate those names in google.
It gives me,
Panjayavar as bangayavar
Padnar as tanjunr
As it's phonetic sound bangayavar as the name may be the Palayarai. I remember that its also served as one of the capitals of the cholas.
Tanjunr, which directly sounds the tanjore, which was the capital before GKC.
As the notifications of alberuni belongs to the year 1030. It could be considerable as the GKC was not READY in the same year.
That's why I ask about the date of GKC.
Sir, As you mentioned about my note about Varanasi as the Ganges mentioned in Rjc's meikeerthi, I have to clarify the same.
If any king claims the hold of Ganges, it must be done as the whole Ganges must be conquered.
As it has been mentioned in matsya purana, the Sindh River in Pakistan, Ganges river in India and the river jamna In Bangladesh which is also called as Brahmaputra are the whole Ganges.
In another term, the western ganges in uttrapatha, central Ganges in madhya desa and the eastern ganges in Purva desa.
With out conquering these three ganges Ours Rjc cannot claim that, He conquered the Ganges .
Rjc has recorded these three regions
1. One of his Birudhas " purva desamum gangaiyum kataramum konda cholan".
2. His inscription mentions about uttarapatha victory.
3. The meikeeerthi line " veri malar theerththathu eripunal gangaiyum", which is the notification of Varanasi which is the border of Purva desa and madhya desa.
Then only it could be confirmed as he is the who had his hold in the whole GANGES.
Members pls pardon me for the previous interrupted msgs. Due to the typing while travelling it happened.