1) why did RJC shift his capital to GKC from Tanjore?
(can we draw a parallel with nero - seeing the congested rome had it burned down to create a grand city....again lot of speculation on this..RJC not wanting to lay waste his fathers work decides to create something fresh)
2) the pallavas built the shore temple around 7th/8th C in stone. why then did we have to wait for 2 more C's for Uttama/Sembian madevi to convert the brick works to stone..the two seem to have accomplished the task in a short span ( 15 years??)
3)is mamallapuram a finished work? to me the varied styles and half finished works more resemble a sculture school where apprentices practise different forms of stone work...why were bulk of the work left half done ....vacated in haste. was it due to pulikesi's invasion as written by kalki - if so why didnt the later pallava's continue the work
4) why do we always talk of chola/chera and pandya as south indian kings - mumudi chola etc.....why pallavas are discounted
5) similarly why we never hear of the kalabhras who ruled for a considerable period form the thid C to the late 6th century - King Achchutavikranta of the Kalabharakula ( buddist !!), as ruling over the Chola country from Kaveripatnam - who kept the Chera, Chola and Pandya king in captivity.
> > 1) why did RJC shift his capital to GKC from Tanjore? > legend says he was trapped on one side of a flooded kollidam and could not reach chidambaram for arudra function
also he didnt build gkc staying at tanjore. he shifted his head quarters to chidambaram and has stayed there for 5 years .
> > 2) the pallavas built the shore temple around 7th/8th C in stone. > why then did we have to wait for 2 more C's for Uttama/Sembian > madevi to convert the brick works to stone..the two seem to have > accomplished the task in a short span ( 15 years??)
there is a difference. in mamalla puram there is natural rock. what sembiyan madevi did was transporting rock to area far away and work on it. it shows the commitment and logistics. the latter was very important. i recently read a article on nagarathar temple building from 1890-1940 temples like thiruvanaika and thiruvengadu were remodelled in stone partly( completion of the work started 1000 years back) the donors had to transport stone across the kollidam in train and had to sign guarentees for the kolidam bridge. if the bridge collapsed the cost and damages could be recovered from him. imagine it 1000 years back
find it hard to believe - Ok, chidambaram arudra function is great, but would you abandon Big temple for this reason.
Also, why did he move out of tanjore to chidambaram while building GKC - what was it about tanjore that drove RJC out of it.
vj
> > > > 1) why did RJC shift his capital to GKC from Tanjore? > > > legend says he was trapped on one side of a flooded kollidam and > could not reach chidambaram for arudra function > > also he didnt build gkc staying at tanjore. he shifted his head > quarters to chidambaram and has stayed there for 5 years . > >
> Hi sir, > > find it hard to believe - Ok, chidambaram arudra function is great, > but would you abandon Big temple for this reason. > > Also, why did he move out of tanjore to chidambaram while building > GKC - what was it about tanjore that drove RJC out of it.
may be the city is too small for the growing population, as Chola dynasty was at its peak at that time.
I saw in a TV programme, a couple of years ago, a family, mother, son and daughter, introduced as descendants of the Cholas. The mother said that even a generation earlier, the family used to celebrate their royal status once a year wearing the royal paraphernalia and followed by a feast. Now they have become poor and would like recognition and support from the government. I am really sorry I am unable to provide more information. I will revert if I can recall the details.
1. Udayar Shri Rajendra Thevar ( RJC I ), The Thandanayagan for Northern Command Chief under Rajaraja I started his Gangetic/ Northern and Northwestern imperialistic campaign from the place where Gangaikonda Cholapuram stands, So in memory of his monumental victory cum succesful campaign of North and North East, He errected the "City of Victory" The GangaiKonda Cholapuram. Earlier Emperor " The Rajaraja The Great" had indecisive wars with Western Chalukyas which often culminated in maginal victorey on either sides. However the Rajendra Thever's campaign in circa 1016 AD ended with collasal dismissal of Western Chalukyas and described as one of the Worst War crimes commited by the Tamilians as derscibed by the Hutur Chalukyan Inscribtion ( Even Learned Brahmins, Women and children were massacred ).
Ref. Chola Chalukya Wars. American Institute of Oriental Research.
2. Pallavas were traditional followers of Vedic brahminism, which adopted some of artistic skills of Buddhists/Jains from their northern boundries like Stone Sculpting, Cave Temples ,Painting etc (Orissa, madya Pradesh )especially of Mauryam Empire of The Ashoka The Great, who used the hard stones such as Granite, Gniss, Basalt, Earlist Hard stone Constructins and stone sculptings are found in bihar, ie. eight Ajivika Caves and Nagarjuni, sitamarhi hills. So theyintroduced it into Tamil Heart land, Earlier Tamil Temples were mostly Brick works and Granite stones were generally not considered for Temple constructions.So Cholas also followed the Artistic traditions of Pallavas with slight modifications, Being a Staunch saivaites Cholas also converted the Old brick Temples into Hard Stone Granite made Temples thanks to the Famous Bhakti Movement lead by Saints Thirunavukkarasar, Sundaramoorthy swamigal, Gnana sambanda moorthy swamigal, Manikka vasagar etc.,
3.Yes, Your assumption may be correct, After the Death of Mahendra varman I Pallava -Chalukya Wars started, Peoples were more engaged in war than other activities.
4. This may be because of poor royal patronage extended to the development of Tamil language and litrature. The tradtion and royal orders and communications were in sankrit, Prakrit lastly Tamil that most learned people used to write in sankrit, Prakrit. Only during periods of Nandivarma Pallva malla, importance to Tamil increased. While The almost Roral communications, inscriptions and bountiful patronage was given to the Tamil litrature during the Tamil Dynasties since from the Second century AD.
5. The History of Kalapalars remains mistry, However, most of the historians accept that Kalapalars are either from Mysore Region or Orissa. since they were ardent followers of Jainism , They didnot allow any development of culture especially womens were treated very badly in the society, The peoples of other faiths were illtreated.
Is this true ?. Then it is a big discovery to find the descendants of Chozha raja vamsam. But I believe there is no chance for Rajaraja paramparai to exist, it could be kulothunga chozha dynasty.
Anyway it is a big one.
One more funny question, what community they belong too, either Thevar, Mudaliyar, Vanniyar,Udayar,...
Because their title is always confusing, "Udayar Rajendra Chozha Thevar-ikku Yaandu...." from their epigraphy. Two communties are always mentioned with their title.
Some light on this matter is appreciated.
Please do not consider this question as an offence, just out of curiosity I am asking this.
Also, What happenned to Rajendra Chola III in 1279 A.D.?. I think if we get the answer to this question we may some day find the descendants of chozha dynasty.
attempting a time line, pl correct me if i am wrong
1)985 to 1014 - RRC rule
2)1012 RJC appointed co regent
3)1010-1012 Big temple was completed - ( adding 25 years 275 days from RRC's ascending the throne)
4)1014. RJC ascending to the throne following demise of RRC
5) ??? Venkat ric, when did RJC move out of Tanjore to chidambaram
6) 1019 or 1022 - RJC ganges campaign
7) ???? when did the capital shift from tanjore to GKC
8) ???? when was the GKC temple completed ( some info that RJC completed it within his 17th year of rule - ie 1031.
Some corrections on your note below on the dates of the hottur inscription - these were in 1007-08 and not 1016 AD ( ie - RJC was possibly commander of RRC forces -not even co regent):
Quote:
According to the Hottur inscriptions of Satyasraya, dated in A.D. 1007-08, the Chola king â" here called Nurmadi-Chola and named Rajendra â" having collected a force numbering nine hundred thousand had pillaged the whole country, had slaughtered the women, the children and the Brahmans, and, taking the girls to wife, had destroyed their caste
Contributions to the time line are very much needed -
for eg, what was AK age when he died ....we need to work back to what was his age when he fought veera pandiya at chevur...since it is mentioned that he was very young ( KN says AK though a boy, fought like a lion's whelp sporting with a tusker) ---refer also Gokul's comment >>Similarly sundara chola was a great warrior - but think of him... only an old man who can hardly walk comes to our mind !!>>>
Parantaka as per the leyden grant...caused rivers of blood at the cevur battle - due to the deep cuts he inflicted on the elephants of the enemy
back to time line...lets assume AK must be between 14 -18 at chevur ( at 14 would he be already worldywise - spurned of his love by nandhini....anyway its fiction. but would you take a 14 year old to battle - a la abhimanyu)
if we assume he is 14 at chevur - he died when he was 24, if he was 18 at chevur - he was 28 when he died. depending on that he was born in 945 or 941.
based on this - leaving a gap of say a year of kundavai and probably a little more 2 years for RRC ( could be more since kundavai almost looks at him like her child) - you are looking at a 944-947 year of birth for RRC.
so RRC would be between 21 - 25 on AK's assasination, between 37-40 when he took over the reign.
if RRC demise is fixed between 1014 - 1016 - you are looking at his death at a ripe old age of around 70.
The earliest reference of this temple occurs in the 19th regnal year of RRC ( 1004). The stupik-kudam was handed over to the temple authorities on the 275th day of the 25th year of his reign ( 1010), and hence assume the consecration of the temple should have taken place about that time. There are no references of RRC after his 29th regnal year ( 1014) - so we presume his demise during that year...
what was Rjc age when he was crowned in 1014...heard he must be around 50..so places his date of birth around 1964...ie 5 years before AK's assasination - would'nt tie up with PS storyline though.
Also a small doubt - seen previous strings on RRC wives ....a painting shown him sitting with his 14 wives...but if RJC mother expired before he came to throne...would make it 15 right...
That was amazing timeline, a real interesting one. If i may suggest, you could try your hand at writing fiction, adding a bit of fiction to this time line would make it a pretty more interesting.
18. On the two-hundred-and-seventy-fifth day of the twenty-fifth year (of his reign), the lord Sri-Rajarajadeva gave one copper water- pot (kuta), to be placed on the copper pinnacle (stupittari)[9] of the sacred shrine (sri-vimana) of the lord of the Sri-Rajarajesvara (temple), weighing three thousand and eighty-three pala.[10] The various gold plates (tagadu), which were laid over it, weighed two thousand nine hundred and twenty-six karanju and a half by the stone called (after) Adavallan.
working the other way round, assume RRC married after AK death - 969 - say by 970 - so RJC dob between 970-972 --- giving him 42 years when he was crowned.. in 1014 and 35 when he went to battle ( huttur)1007
Lovely sir... apart from whatinindia.com, can you refer any other source for chola inscriptions..
> This is a very very important inscription NOT only because it > confirms the date of Kudamuzhuku (25th yr of RRC (985 + 25 = 1010 > AD) 275th day, but also this talks of the GOLD PLATEs of the > Kalasa. The POSTULATE that the Vimanam was Gold plated IS NEGATIVED > citing this inscription. > > Then so much of weight is mentioned even for the Kalasa, if the > entire Vimanam is golden-roofed there should have been more details. > > Pls search for PON VIMANAM / GOLD ROOFING and see earlier mails. > > But ABSENCE of such detail alone will not be useful in NEGATIVING. > > That was an interesting thread discussed earlier.. > > best regards / sps
1015 Chalukya reclaim Raichur after the Chola army leave for Rajaraja Chola's funeral at Thanjavur. River Tungabhadra become almost a permanent border between the two kingdoms.
this is an interesting post in wiki - how can we find the proof for above. if we can find the workings for above, we can atleast pin down RRC year of demise...
in the article, they interpret rayalaseema as land of kings (rajasthan). i think seema is closer to 'border'; rayalaseema may be taken to mean "kingdom's border". is this right?